Ice dams form on roofs when there is a combination of snow accumulation, freezing temperatures, and inadequate insulation or ventilation in the attic space. Here are the primary reasons why ice dams form:
- Snow Accumulation: After a snowfall, a layer of snow accumulates on the roof. If subsequent freezing temperatures occur, this snow can turn into ice.
- Uneven Roof Temperatures: Inadequate insulation in the attic allows heat to escape from the interior of the house to the roof. This can result in non-uniform roof temperatures, causing some areas to be warmer than others.
- Heat Loss from Interior: Warm air escaping from the living space through the roof can melt the snow on the roof, creating water runoff.
- Refreezing: As the melted water reaches the colder edges of the roof or eaves, it refreezes, forming a barrier of ice. This is the beginning of the ice dam.
- Blocking Drainage: The ice dam prevents melted snow from draining off the roof. Instead, the water gets trapped behind the dam and may find its way into the roof structure.
- Roof Design: Certain roof designs, such as those with shallow slopes or complex configurations, are more prone to ice dam formation.
- Poor Ventilation: Inadequate ventilation in the attic can contribute to the accumulation of heat, making it easier for snow to melt on the roof.
Ice dams can lead to water damage, leaks, and structural issues if not addressed promptly. Proper insulation, ventilation, and regular maintenance are essential in preventing the formation of ice dams on roofs.
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Insulation experts can then make custom recommendations about the types of insulation that are appropriate for your home's unique needs. Our employees at Koala Insulation of Baltimore train in-house on how to properly handle, install and inspect various types of insulation. Contact Koala Insulation of Baltimore to learn more about how our free evaluations can impact your comfort, safety, and savings.